| 概要 |
Practical studies were conducted on the planning and design of forest recreation area to determine a method of land usage that would reconcile the preservation with the development, to set up. fundame...ntal rules for the planning and design, and to obtain methods of an efficient planning and design. This is a report on the basis and methods for the planning and design of forest recreation area, which was compiled in connection with the natural conditions of a planned site. The present report is composed of 2 parts. Part I consisting of 4 chapters is devoted to fundamental studies on the planning and design. In chapter 1, a method of preserving and cashing in on the natural area is described from the viewpoint of landscape planning and these two objectives are shown to be non-incompatible. In chapter 2 the planning and design with the green environment is discussed, and a few findings are pointed out for the backgrounds and techniques to support the planning and design. Chapter 3 deals with the methodology of basic studies according to each element in the green environment, and discusses how the methods can be applied in the planning and design. In chapter 4, opinions on the adjustment of the preservation and use of the nature in some phases of planning are discussed. Concrete concepts on how to make an inquiry on the limits to the use of the nature and on the guidelines for handling this matter are described. Part II constituted of 2 chapters gives some case studies on the forest recrea tion planning. Chapter 1 gives actual examples of zoning to grasp the characteristics of the green environment which form the basis of the planning and design of a recreation area. Chapter 2 states an example of the master plan for an actual forest recreation area, showing that the fruits of the reserch mentioned in Part I can be effectively applied in practice. The contents of this report are summarized as follows. 1) The author's theme in the landscape planning is conservation of nature and creation of a safe and pleasant recreation space. Conservation of nature is not always antagonistic to the use of it. There are 3 methods of conservation; strict preservation, processing conservation and creating conservation. An appropriate method be selected from one of these to maintain the orderliness of nature while also using it. A large space firmly set up on land having enough water, air and sunshine surrounded by a lot of plants is a most suitable recreation area. Appreciation of this orderly green environment is the very foundation for making a safe and enjoyable space. 2) The author notes that the task of landscape planning is not that of beauty versus ugliness but of pleasant versus unpleasant, and has attemped to obtain the formative foundation of his work from the orderliness of nature. The green environment can be seen as a spatial arrangement extending from the seaside to mountain summit. Such spatial arrangement can form the basis for the planning and design of a recreation area in following two ways; one is to use the natural undulation pa ttem in the layout of the site and the other is to recognize the site for the plan within this spatial arrangement. There are two ways of using the spatial arrangement in the layout of the site; one is miniaturization and the other is partial application of the spatial arrangement. The latter approach would be more appropriate for creating a recreation area in the natural environment. 3) Among the conflicting relations rooted in landscape planning such as placing man-made products and allowing for human activity in a natural setting, in practice, the method of contrast and the harmony established by operating on contrast is effective for consolidating the area. The atmosphere of a forest recreation area should be in harmony with or to emphasize the characteristics of the green environoment in which it is founded. There should be some contrasts between the characteristics of the direct surrounding green environment and the aesthetic characteristics of the area. It is possible to change the impressions made on the user by considering a contrasting relationship. 4) The operation of contrast can be done in 4 ways, concord, alleviation, transformation and dilution. For example, al1eviation of the contrast is effective in planning the transition, and transformation or dilution of the contrast is effective in determining the color. of paint to use in the natural environment. The color of paint to use on the man-made products in a natural environment is best determined by adjusting the darking and shading or tinting of fundamental, red-orange, the opponent color for green-blue that should be the basic color of the green environment in our country, considering the relations with the colors to be used together as well as the original color of material to be painted. 5) The author uses the word 'schole' for the technique of gIVIng additional lure to a area by appealing to the intellectual curiosity of the user, and he has applied this technique in the planning and design. In forest recreation areas in particular, there is an abundance of materials for 'schole' and this techchnique can be widely and effectively applied. The schole technique, the theme of which is based on the various elements of green environment, not only makes the area attractive and gives it characteristics, but also secondarily makes the planning and design easier. 6) Fundamental survey on the site should be made in a way directly connected to the planning. Theoretical standards on grading determined in relation to human activities or the construction of facilities will be suggestive to survey the topographical gradient, but the grading determined by simplicity of measurements is enough to grasp the general picture. Rarely are soil surveys directly used in the planning of a recreation area, but it is necessary to consider the application of them with reference to the growing of plants or the prevention of erosion. The vegetation is one of the most important general parameters of the environment. A physiognomical vegetation map to the same scale with the indication of the master plan and a plant list with the growth stage of the plants shown will be available as the structure for the master plan. 7) The precision of survey and expression of vegetation depend on the size of the area. A larger scale vegetation map will classify the vegetation more discretely, and the classification is often centered on differences in the naturalness of the vegetation. The pattern of the existence of vegetation and the life cycle of it are proposed as tools to measure such naturalness. Evaluation of vegetation from individual elements of naturalness was found to offer many suggestions in the method of vegetative survey as determined from the trial use in comparison to such previously used parameters as the degree of naturalness in vegetation and population density which would be a negative parameter of naturalness. 8) The author attempted to make up vegetation maps based on the volume of vegetation and the visual naturalness of vegetation, but found it difficult to use them in the planning unless standards of valuation were made clear. In order to show the naturalness of the site, the degree of naturalness proposed by the Environment Agency was found to be effective for the comparison of some large areas, and the thickness of the vegetation for the expression of the visual naturalness of the site. 9) Actual examples of mapping vegetation were given, the value of air photographs and of the combination of them with field surveys were discussed according to scale, and many findings were obtained. Vegetation maps to various scales made up for various purposes become necessary at several stages in planning; from establishing the conception to the completion of concrete planning. Valuable is, however, a method of compiling and arranging detailed information on the photographs and field surveys,続きを見る
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