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This paper summarizes the historical evolution of major psychoanalytic schools. Because Sigmund Freud founded psychoanalysis, we start with the description of the Freudian model. Freud proposed his li...bido theory as an answer to the fundamental question in psychology, i.e. "What drives the human mind?" Many of the psychoanalytic schools came into existence from criticism of Freud's libido theory. Although they all disagree with the libido theory in one way or another, each school formulated a different hypothesis to replace it. This is basically why so many variations exist in psychoanalysis today, although the difference between them is often very subtle. Alfred Adler and Carl Jung expressed the earliest criticism of Freud's libido theory. We thus first review the Individual Psychology of Alfred Adler, then proceed to the Analytic Psychology of Carl Jung. With respect to Ego Psychology, we review Anna Freud. Erik Erikson, Heinz Hartmann, and Margaret Mahler. As for British Object Relations School, we review Melanie Klein, William Fairbairn, Harry Guntrip, and Donald Winnlcott. As for Neo-Freudians, we cover Harry Sullivan, Karen Horney, and Erich Fromm. Finally we review Heinz Kohut and his Two-Factor Theory.続きを見る
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Mendeley出力
KJ00000050592-00001