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This paper is concerned with cross-linguistic variation and diachronic change of (null-) complementizers in the embedded clauses, deriving the distributional properties from interaction among empirica...lly well motivated constraints in Optimality Theory (OT) that we propose and their hierarchy. The constraints concern restriction on head, economy of derivation, and semantic interpretation. In line with OT, the constraints are stratified according to the descriptions of grammatical structures. The interactions of the pivotal constraints determine occurrence of (null-) complementizers. Furthermore, the constraint interactions and their different hierarchy can provide a unified account for the cross-linguistic variation concerning occurrence of complementizers and its diachronic change in the history of English.show more
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