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| Abstract |
Jakarta is increasingly at risk of urban flooding, especially in the Ciliwung and Cisadane watersheds, where heavy rainfall and inadequate drainage systems increase the likelihood of flooding. The mai...n objective of this study is to develop an integrated approach that combines computational flood modeling with Nature-based Solutions (NbS) to improve flood prediction, assess extreme hazard scenarios, and propose sustainable mitigation strategies. A hybrid methodology was applied by integrating the Hydrologic Engineering Center-River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) with the Geomorphic Flood Area (GFA) tool. The GFA provides quick and affordable mapping by defining flood-prone areas using high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) and a binary classification algorithm. In order to evaluate flood extents under extreme scenarios, such as a 100-year return period (Q100), HEC-RAS concurrently simulates water surface profiles for different flow regimes. Spatially explicit flood hazard maps for both recent and anticipated occurrences are created using a GIS-based dashboard to visualize these outputs. According to scenario analysis, Pluit Reservoir's high-risk flood zones would significantly expand under Q100 projections. The surface water level would rise by about 1 meter, which would mean an additional 800,000 m³ of floodwater. The study further evaluates floating wetlands planted with cattails (Typha latifolia) as a complementary NbS intervention. The results show that floating wetlands provide only a limited direct contribution to short-term flood storage during an individual extreme event, approximately 0.6% of the additional Q100 flood volume. In addition to their limited contribution to water retention, floating wetlands can contribute to nutrient reduction, biodiversity enhancement, and improved water quality. These findings highlight the importance of combining GIS, hydrodynamic modelling, and carefully contextualized NbS evaluation to support evidence-based and adaptive urban flood-risk reduction in rapidly urbanizing coastal cities such as Jakarta.show more
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