園芸種

Horticultural species is admitted in the International Rules of Botanical Nomenclature Art. 42, in the form Gesnera Donklarii HORT. ex HOOK., though it lacks a definition and criticism of its logical existence. The author maintains that the Linnaean species can exist within the garden plants of unknown origin, which shaw no evidence of hybridization. Essential botanical characters may distinguish such plants from other botanical species, and make it impossible to leave them stay in the rank of horticultural varieties. Horticultural species is therfore defined as the species occurring only in the garden, possessing distinct specific characters which can be perpetuated either by seminal or clonal propagation. No systematist confines the definition of species to plants which throw out homogenous offsprings (Jordan's species), nor does he mean those which possess homogenous gametic constitution (Lotzy's species). At any rate, the Linnean species is genetically an aggregate unit, but it is the only accessible standard of living organism, reached by their morphotypic representation sufficient to receive distinction. Consequently, equal treatment of wild and garden species is absolutely logical, so far as they belong to the Linnean species and are independent by essential botanical characters. This clear conclusion naturally leads the proposal of amending the International Rules of Horticultural Nomenclature adopted at the Brussels Congress 1910, in the following idea and passage : Article I. Amend "horticultural varieties and hybrid" to be "horticultural species, varieties and hybrid." Addition of "Article I bis" with the text: "Horticultural species is named in accordance with the Rules of species nomenclature given in the Vienna Code, with a single modification in restricting the use of the author name to come after the word "Hort." which should follow the specific epithet of the given name." (New paragraph) "Any horticultural species receiving Latin proper name as the specific term is valid, and never can be proscibed when they are moved into the ranks lower than the species. Such name should not be written in Roman characters." (Example) "[E. g. Citrus otaitensis HORT. ex SAVASTANO in Ann. R. Sc. Sup. Portici III: 38, 1884=Citrus limonia otaitensis TANAKA in Bul. Sci. Fak. Terk. Kju. Imp. Univ. I. no. 3 : 113, 1925.]" From the author's experience, the establishment of horticultural species is most successful in revising such critical genus like Citrus, in which many distinct types exist only in the gardens. For instance, splitting the aggregate species Citrus nobilis AUCT. into distinct horticultural species C. nobilis LOUR., C. deliciaosa TEN., C. unshiu HORT., C. poonensis HORT. etc., is essential to represent the true nature of things and to warrant the stability of nomenclature. He also believes that such a procedure is very necessary to accomplish the logical classification and nomenclature of horticultural plants. The author also attained simultaneously to the conclusion, that it is highly important to take the matter of type specimens into serious onsideration, in order to bring the Rules of Nomenclature into the real merit and benefit to botany. The absence of type specimens has caused an innumerable cases of destruction and abolition of valid names of plants worthy to claim their right of existence. Specially taking the Citrus fruit for example, it is experienced absolutely necessary to consult the type specimens to detect its true bearing and significance involved in its nomenclature and description. Even illustration is not sufficient for such horticultural plant to protect its distinctness and permanency. He emphatically claims that the practical disadvantage encountered in the execution of the Rules, is primarily due to the lack of mention about the perpetuation and restoration of the type material, which is so clear as being far important than any absolute and non the less perfect Latin diagnosis. An additional paragraph to the Art. 36 bis of the Vienna Code, is demanded as a measure to give proper credit to the type material to which both binomial and description are subordinate. Proposed to create "Art. 36 ter" with the text: " On and after....[insert date to be fixed at the next International Botanical Congress] publication of names of new species and the lower groups of a species of plant will be valid only when their type localities are indicated, and the place, where the type material is permanently deposited, is mentioned."