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現金経済の本質とその導入時における人間行動の変化を考察するために、短期間に自給経済から現金経済へと急激に変化したエチオピア西南部の小規模社会(マジャンギル社会)を事例として取り上げ、現金経済への適応の様態を具体的に記述する。森林内で焼畑蜂蜜採集、狩猟などの自給的な生業をおこなってきたマジャンギル社会は、1980年代の定住化をへてエチオピア国家の傘下に入ったが、20世紀末に定住村内に定期市が開設され...ると、急速に日常生活に現金経済が浸透した。本稿では特に、世帯経済の現況を具体的に提示するとともに、現金経済の浸透による変化を代表する現象としてウシ・ヒツジ飼養と土器製作をめぐる変化に着目した。現金経済への適応は1950年代以降に生まれた世代において顕著にみられる一方、それより上の世代では相対的に浸透度は緩'慢である。このことは1970年代前後にキリスト教を受容した世代が、伝統的生活習習を守る高齢世代より円滑に現金経済に適応したことを示唆する。
The purpose of this study is to examine how human economic behaviors change when cash economy rapidly penetrates into subsistence economy, by describing a process of adaptation to cash economy among the Majangir, who inhabit in Southwestern forest of Ethiopia and have experienced rapid economic change in recent years. The Majangir, who had been traditionally engaged in subsistence shifting cultivation, hunting and collecting of various forest products including honey and wild coffee, has come under the control of the Ethiopian central government and become to live in sedentary villages since the end of 1970s. Periodic markets, which were set up in sedentary villages of the Majangir in the end of the last century, accelerated penetration of cash economy into the Majang village lives and some of them began to keep livestock such as cattle and sheep. A number of younger adult females became to buy earthenware in markets instead of making for themselves, while some females became to make more earthenware for selling in markets. The extent of adaptation to cash economy seems to differ in generations. It may be because the acceptance of Christianity enabled younger generation to adopt cash economy smoothly.show more
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