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The northward potential-vorticity flux by the barotropic Rossby wave excited by the oscillatory forcing is examined analytically. The potential-vorticity flux is obtained from the correlation between ...the stream-function and forcing for various forms of the forcing, which is periodic in the zonal direction or in more general form in space. When the wave and forcing are in phase and out of phase, the potential-vorticity flux is northward and southward, respectively. Since the phase of the resonant Rossby wave changes in the meridional direction, the sign of the northward potential-vorticity flux changes alternatively in the meridional direction. Thus, the meridional scale of the mean flow induced by the convergence of the potential-vorticity flux is determined by the typical meridional wavelength of the resonant wave, and is less sensitive to the distribution of the forcing. The distribution of the forcing primarily affects the amplitude of the mean flow.show more
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