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The purpose of this study was to investigate potential differences between Japanese and Chinese students utilizing constructs derived from the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) as correlates of mental ...health outcomes. One hundred ninety nine Japanese and 198 Chinese male and female students participated in this study. Participants completed a questionnaire including Godin's leisure time exercise scale, TPB constructs (behavior, behavioral intention, attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control) and the Mental Health Pattern (MHP: Hashimoto, 1992). Results of correlation analysis indicated that there were significant relationships among the TPB constructs for all students, yet the magnitude of these relationships was generally greater for Chinese students in comparison to Japanese students. Of particular interest, the correlation between subjective norm and behavioral intention were higher for Chinese students compared to Japanese students. Results of Gender (2) × Nationality (2) ANOVA indicated that Chinese students and male students exhibited greater perceived behavioral control and intention to exercise than Japanese student and female students, but there was no difference between Japanese and Chinese students considering self-reported exercise behavior. Correspondence between behavioral intention and exercise behavior in the questionnaire is discussed. On the MHP, Japanese students indicated lower stress and QOL than Chinese students. In addition, there were no positive correlations between exercise and mental health in Chinese students. Thus, other moderating factors affecting the positive relationship between exercise and mental health in Chinese students are suggested. This study revealed that there are cross-cultural differences between Japanese and Chinese students concerning TPB-derived constructs and their relation to mental health outcomes.show more
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