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Swidden agriculture in Okawachi, Shiiba Village.

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Abstract 焼畑は宮崎県椎葉村においてかつて生活の基盤であり, 九州大学宮崎演習林が所在する大河内地区では1970~1975年頃まで行われていた。焼畑には火入れの時期に応じて「春ヤボ」と「夏ヤボ」の二通りがあり, 大河内集落では春ヤボを行うことが多かった。春ヤボでは一般に当年にヒエを生産し, 翌年からはアワやアズキなどを2~3年作った。夏ヤボでは当年にソバを作り, 2年目にヒエ, アワ, 3年目にはアズキやダ...イズを作った。春ヤボは集落から離れた比較的古い林地の斜面に作られることが多かった。これに対して夏ヤボは多くの場合, 若い林地に開設された。明治から昭和初期にかけては春ヤボの場合は約15~20年, 夏ヤボの場合は7, 8年の休閑期間の後に再び焼畑が行われていたが, 1940年頃から積極的に焼畑にスギを植林するようになり, 次第にスギの造林地に転換されていった。
Swidden agriculture was the major cultivation style in Shiiba Village, and it had been carried out until 1970s in Okawachi settlement. In Okawachi, the forest was burned on spring or summer for cultivation. In the spring burn field, which was settled in old forest and dominant type in Okawachi, Japanese millet (Echinochloa esculenta) was produced in the first year, and foxtail millet (Setaria italica) and azuki bean (Vigna angularis var. angularis) were produced in the second and third years. In the summer burn field, which was settled in young forest, buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) was the first year product, and Japanese millet and foxtail millet ware the second year products, and azuki bean and soybean(Glycine max subsp. max) were the third year products. The slush and burn cycle was 15 to 20 years in the spring burn field whereas the summer burn field had seven to eight years cycle during Meiji (1868-1912), Taisho (1912-1926) and early Showa (1926-1989) period. The burnt field have been replaced to tree plantation of Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) since 1940s.
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Created Date 2010.05.13
Modified Date 2021.03.03

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