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Sedentary lifestyle induces chronic diseases, including mental and physical disability such as dementia and sarcopenia through chronic low-grade inflammation in middle-aged and elderly people. Many ev...idence-based exercise-epidemiological studies give primary importance on the effect of physical activity and/or inactivity on mortality and morbidity in general populations. Recently it has been demonstrated that exercise and other health behaviours are determined by socio-environmental and socio-economical factors such as job, and level of income and education. In this review, evidences on exercise-epidemiology, including prospective and interventional trial studies are first summarised, followed by studies including explanatory mechanism by which exercise prevent several chronic diseases, such as coronary heart disease, stroke, cancer, dementia, etc., and finally, we present the direction of exercise-epidemiological study using social epidemiological approach. Based on these considerations, we would like to propose the paradigm shift to new health policy.show more
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