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| Abstract |
Adipose tissue is no longer considered to be an inert tissue functioning solely as an energy store, but is emerging as an important factor in the regulation of many pathological processes. Some of the... soluble factors produced by adipose tissue are known as adipocytokine. Adipocytokine includes tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1, heparin binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor. These adipocytokines are produced on other tissues as well as adipose tissue, and may contribute to the development of vascular diseases as well as of several obesity-induced metabolic disorders such as hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus. Adiponectin has direct actions in liver, skeletal muscle and vasculature, with prominent roles to improve hepatic insulin sensitivity, increase fuel oxidation [via up-regulation of adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity] and decrease vascular inflammation. This review introduce about the associations between several adipocytokines with vascular inflammation and metabolic abnormalities. Then we discuss on the effects of exercise or physical activity on the improvement of these associations.show more
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