The purpose of this paper is to clarify the issues involved in examining the origins of hand clapping in Japanese history. The earliest recorded clapping in Japan is "Bakushu", which is described in the "Gishi Wajin Den" as a custom which shows respect to others, equivalent to kneeling in worship. In this paper, we begin with an examination of this act of clapping as "Bakushu" as described in the "Gishi Wajin Den". The discussion is based not only on the "Gishi Wajin Den", but also on Chinese literature and archaeological sources. Firstly, the previous writings on the meaning of clapping and the circumstances under which it was done in the "Gishi Wajin Den" are discussed. Next, the discourse on this Japanese clapping in Chinese literature and the related discourse on the physical manners in worship that appeared in the Rites of Zhou are examined. Next, Arai Hakuseki’s and Motoori Norinaga’s ideas on hand clapping are explored, along with archaeological materials related to clapping. Finally, how these ideas about clapping are relevant to later writings and ideas about hand clapping will be discussed.
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