Maternal inheritance of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) in the genus Camellia was confirmed using the polymorphism of atpH-atpI region. CpDNAs of all C.×vernalis cultivars showed the same type as those of C. sasanqua, and all the progenies from C.×vernalis, either open pollinated or crossed, had the same cpDNA type as their maternal plants. Flow cytometry subjected to estimate the ploidy level of C. japonica, C. sasanqua and C.×vernalis revealed that there is a very strong positive linear correlation (r^2＝0.981) between fluorescent intensity and ploidy level, suggesting that the method is useful to investigate the ploidy level in Camellia. Natural occurrence of ploidy variation was shown in the progenies of tetraploid C.×vernalis cultivars, and zygote patterns of the progenies are discussed.
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