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Lack of sufficient field data on how temperature, photoperiod (latitude), or crop nutrition independently or interactively determines phenological development and yield limit our ability to predict th...e suitability of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) genotypes for cultivation in varied environments. The effect of temperature and N nutrition on phenology of soybean from four maturity groups was studied at field sites with elevations of 320, 660, and 1050m on the island of Maui, HI. Four determinate nodulating soybean genotypes representing the maturity groups 00 ('Clay'), IV ('Clark'), VI (D68-0099), and VIII ('Hardee'); one indeterminate genotype of Group VI (N77-4262); and their nonnodulating isolines were planted at each site on the same day. Nonnodulating isolines were used to evaluate the effects of N nutrition on phenology. The mean maximum/minimum air temperatures at the three elevations during the experiment were 27/20, 25/17, and 23/14℃, respectively. Photoperiod decreased from 13h at planting to 11h at the last harvest. Soybean maturity was delayed with decreasing temperature mainly due to extended vegetative growth periods averaging 23 and 64% longer at the 660- and 1050-m sites, respectively, compared to the lowest site. Flowering (R1) and physiological maturity (R7) at the highest site were delayed on average by 22 and 25 days, respectively, relative to development at the lowest site. Within each site, duration of the vegetative phase increased with increasing maturity group number presumably due to photoperiodic effects. Higher maturity groups accumulated a greater number of growing degree days (GDD) before R1 at each site than did the lower maturity groups. The GDD requirement before R1 also increased with increasing elevation. The effect of elevation (temperature) on the duration of the seed-fill phase was minimal under similar N nutritional levels. The rate of seed dry matter accumulation (kg ha^<-1> day^<-1>) decreased with increasing elevation, but increased with increasing maturity group number. Nonnodulating isolines flowered later and matured earlier than their nodulating counterparts due to nitrogen insufficiency. These results provide information to refine models predicting phenological development and yield of soybean genotypes for varied environments.続きを見る
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Mendeley出力
KJ00004506775