| 概要 |
The present study was carried out to clarify common or different characteristics among factors determining four different sport activities, and to select valid factors predicting students' sport activ...ities. However, factors as the subjects of this study were social and sport related factors, which were composed of fifty items related to basic characteristics of students, their living hours, family environment, life consciousness, sport in volvement and consciousness, sport conditions and significant others, and on the other hand, four sport activities as dependent variables were (1) frequency of sport participation per week, (2) sport participation for the improvement of health and physical fitness, (3) participation in sport events at universities and communities, and (4) belonging to sport clubs. The questionnaire was distributed to 261 male and 316 female students in the city of Fukuoka in January, 1981. The data were mainly analyzed by Hayashi's Quantification Theory (2). The results were summarized as follows : (A) The results on simple correlation coefficients 1 . Generally, main factors showing high correlations with each sport activities were present belonging to sport clubs, present sport encouragement by friends, likes and dislikes of physical education, chance of sport, and participation experiences of sport tournaments, etc. In addition, as factor groups, sport conditions and sport involvement and consciousness were related very strongly to all sport activities, but family environments and life consciousness were not any related. Accordingly, sport related factors had stronger affections than basic and social factors. 2. As for male students, that tendency was more remarkable, and very various factors had strong affections on their sport activities. However, there were not so many significant factors as for females. 3. On the relationship between factors groups and each sport activities, sport related factors which were consisted of sport involvement and consciousness, sport conditions and significant others, had strong correlations with all of each sport activities, and especially, that was notable in (2) health and fitness and (3) sport events. Similarly, sport activity (2) and (3) had strong connections with various basic and social factors. (B) The results on partial correlation coefficients 1. As factors groups having strong correlations, family environment (father's career, family income, etc), sport involvement and consciousness (looking and listening of sport program, present belonging to sport clubs, etc) and significant others (.parent sport experience, present sport encouragement by friends, etc) were indicated especially. Conversely, life consciousness and sport conditions had not so strong correlations. 2 Excepting the above factors, types of residence, sleeping time, chance of sport, past sport encouragement by mother, and others were indicated as factors showing strong correlations. 3. On the relation of factor groups and each sport activities, basic and social factors, such as demographic elements, life hours, family environment, had very strong correlation with (2) health and fitness. On the other hand, sport involvement and consciousness had strong relations relatively with (1) participation frequency and (2) sport events, but sport conditions had strong relations with only (4) sport clubs. 4. Although that tendencies were shown in males and females, it was indicated as other characteristics that strong correlations were shown in sport conditions and life consciousness especially toward males, and significant others and life hours toward females, and in addition, the influences of basic and social factors were more remarkable on females. 5. There were many notable differences between simple correlation coefficient and partial correlation coefficient. Although the detail was not indicated here, generally, sport related factors had very strong simple correlations and relatively feeble partial correlations, and conversely, basic and social factors showed the opposite tendencies. (C) Comparison by categories scores. There were various differences on the strength and directions of determination by factors' categories according to each sport activities and sex. However, It was shown as general tendency that students participating and involving each sport activities bad comfortable basic and social conditions, many good sport conditions, various sport experiences, and positive sport attitudes and beliefs. (D) Similarity of sport activities When the similarity of each sport activities was examined by the contents of distributing factors and the direction of distribution, similar sport activities were (1) participation frequency and (2) health and fitness, or (3) sport events and (4) sport clubs, and on the other hand, unsimilar sport activities were (2) and (3), or (1) and (3). These general differences among sport activities were not so remarkable as compared with differences between males and females.
本研究は,異なるスポーツ行動における関連要因,特に社会的要因とスポーツ関連要因の規定力の共通点と相違点を明確にすることによって,各スポーツ行動の特性の明確化と主要な要因の抽出とを目的として行なわれた。そのため大学生(577名)を対象とする質問調査を実施し,(1)スポーツ実施程度,(2)健康・体力づくり,(3)スポーツ行事参加,(4)スポーツクラブ所属を対象基準,7 要因群からなる50要因を説明変数として数量化理論第IIを適用し分析を試みた。主要な結果は欠のように要約される。(1)判別力と相関比 外的基準(1)実施程度は全対象者を実施群と非実施群とに区分したため相関比はかなり低かったが,他の外的基準の相関比・判別力は著しく高く,全休としては取りあげた説明変数の有効性・妥当性が示唆された。(2)単相関による比較 1.要因別には,全体的に強く関連する要因として,現在のクラブ所属,現在友人の奨励,体育の好嫌,スポーツのチャンス,大会参加経験,等々である。2.要因群別には,各外的基準のすべてにスポーツ条件とスポーツ関与・意識の二つの群が非常に強く関連し,逆に家庭環境や生活意識は一部の要因を除き,各外的基準との関連は弱い。この結果,相対的にスポーツ関連要因が基礎的・社会的要因に比べ強い関連を示した。3.男女別にみると,前記のスポーツ関連要因の関与は特に男子で顕著であり,また男子では多様な要因の関与がみられるのに対し,女子では有意な要因が.少ないこと,等々が示唆された。4.要因群と外的基準の関係をみると,前記のスポーツ条件と関与・意識そして重要なる他者(特に奨励)などのスポーツ関連要因は,何れも各外的基準との関連が強いが,特に(2)健康・体力づくりと(3)行事参加においてそれが強い。他の群では顕著な差異は認められなかったが,相対的には(2)と(3)は基本的特性の他に,(2)は生活意識,また(3)は生活時間とも各々かなりの関連が認められ,更に(1)実施程度は生活時間や家庭環境で高い関連性を示した。一方(4)クラブ所属においては顕著な傾向はみられなかった。(3)偏相関による比較 1.要因群別には家庭環境(父の学歴,家の収入など),スポーツ関与・意識(スポーツ番組視聴,現在のクラブ所属など)および重要なる他者(両親のスポーツ経験,現在友人の奨励など)で相閥が高く,生活意識やスポーツ条件それは低かった。2.要因別には,前記の諸要囚の他,住居形態・睡眠時間・スポーツのチャンス・過去母の奨励,等々も規定力が強かった。3.要因群と外的基準との関係では,基本的特性・生活時間・家庭環境などの基礎的・社会的要因は(2)健康・体力づくりと強く関連し,一方スポーツに関わるスポーツ関与・意識は(1)実施程度や(3)行事参加と,そしてスポーツ条件は(3)行事参加および(4)クラブ所属とそれぞれ相対的に強く関連していた。4.男女別でも,全体的な傾向は前記と同様であるが,特に男子ではスポーツ条件と生活意識が,一方女子では重要なる他者と生活時間が相対的に強い規定力であり,更に基礎的・社会的要因の規定力は男子よりも女子において顕著であった。(4)単相関と偏相関の比較 1.単相関と偏相関の間には顕著な差異があり,スポーツ関与・意識は単・偏相関共に高いが,同様に高い単相関を示したスポーツ条件の偏相関は著しく低いこと,家庭環境と生活意識は低い単相関であったが,偏相関では前者は高く後者は低いこと,等々が指摘された。2.全体的には,単相関ではスポーツ関連要因が基礎的・社会的要因に比べ強い関連を示すのに対し,偏相関での両者の差は少なく,相対的に後者のウエイトが高い。3.なお,単相関・偏相関共に高い要因は,現在のクラブ所属・スポーツのチャンス・現在友人の奨励・技能知識,等々であるが,その他については著しい男女差が認められた。(5)カテゴリースコアによる比較 各要因のカテゴリーの寄与の仕方をみると,外的基準,男女別にかなり著しい差異が存在した。しかし全体的頃向としては,生活時間や経済状態では恵まれないが,学部や友人数などの基本的特性や施設・チャンスなどのスポーツ条件などにおいて各々恵まれている者。人生観や余暇観などの生活意識が積極的または批判的な者,スポーツ関与・意識ではマスコミ接触は少ないがスポーツ経験が豊富でスポーツに対して好意的態度をもつ者,そして重要なる他者のスポーツ経験が豊富な者,等々が各外的基準の実施や参加あるいは所属の方向に寄与していた。(6)外的基準の類似性 各外的基準に対して強く関与する要因の内容と関与する要因の寄与の方向性という二つの視点から各外的基準の類似性をみると,類似するものとしては(1)実施程度と(2)健康・体力づくり,あるいは(3)行事参加と(4)クラブ所属があげられ,一方類似しないものとしては(2)実施程度と(3)行事参加,あるいは(1)実施程度と(3)行事参加,などの関係が示唆された。しかし,これらの外的基準間の差異よりも男女間の差異が概して顕著であることが認められた。続きを見る
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Mendeley出力
