A thermophilic, cellulolytic, gram negative, terminally sporulating and anaerobic bacterium was isolated from compost heap. Its colonies on solid medium containing cellulose were irregular, clear, translucent and had an undulated margin. The cells grown on the solid medium were rods of 0.5 to 0.7 μm wide by 3 to 6μm long. All the properties insisted that this bacterium belonged to the genus Clostridium. Its optimum growth temperature was 60%. This bacterium produced ethanol (45mM), n-butanol (20mM), acetic acid (23 mM) and n-butyric acid (25 mM) during 150 hr cultivation in a liquid medium containing 1 % cellulose as a sole carbohydrate source. The characteristic of n-butanol production may be a rare case in thermophilic cellulolytic anaerobes.
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