This paper discusses changes in forest management systems. Forestry in terms of future timber production may not be profitable in Japan. Foreign timber will retain its position as while the capacity of the domestic timber supply grows and domestic timber demand decline with the national population. Forest management systems in the 21st century are examined by comparison of profit and loss of forest management in terms of the timber industry and forest recreation. In addition recreational forest use can create growth profits than timber forestry. In order to keep forests in good condition and respond to various demands on forests it is necessary to (1) classify as either economic forests or non-economic forests, (2) maintain each type of forest in the best condition according to the use, (3) establish forest management cooperation and their networks, and (4) separate ownership and management.