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地域経済とイノベーティブな企業群 : オーストリア・フォラールベルク州における製造企業最大４社の事例
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| 概要 | Vorarlberg in Austria is one of the most affluent regions in the European Union. According to GDP per capita, it ranked 38th among 276 regions in the European Union in 2007 and ranked up to 27th in 20...15. Its unemployment rate was and is also very low (Tab.1). While most of the top fifty regions in the EU has a metropolitan area within the respective region, Vorarlberg is a remarkable region, because there is no metropolitan area both within and near it. The population of the largest city in this region, Dornbirn, is under 50,000 and the other urban municipalities are distributed away from each other in the Alpen-Rhine Valley and Walgau. Vorarlberg is a rural region with several small urban settlements, and it has no distinguished mineral resources. This region was dominated by textile and clothes industry before the beginning of the 1980s. It could gradually change its industrial structure and its prosperity is attributable to the dynamic development of metal, machine and electronic manufacturing industries. The purpose of this paper is to describe the development of the largest four manufacturing companies in Vorarlberg, namely Julius Blum GmbH, Zumtobel Group AG, Liebherr-Werk Nenzing GmbH and Doppelmayr Seilbahnen GmbH, and to reexamine the relationships between their development and the Vorarlberg’s economy. The present author visited sixteen industrial companies, which have established innovations and grown under the globalization since the beginning of the 1990s, in Vorarlberg in September 2017, and had interviews with the executive managers respectively, supported by the Division of Industry of the Chamber of Economy Vorarlberg. He also collected various documents and information including newspapers, internet news and documents provided by the companies. The description in this paper and his interpretation are based on the documents and his own observation and interviews. The reason, why this paper deals with only the four companies, is to avoid that this paper would occupy too many pages. While Liebherr-Werk was established by a German big company, the other three were established by Vorarlberg’s native entrepreneurs. They had characteristics of Mittelstand or a family company, which means a company owned and managed by a family. It is also the case with the parent company of Liebherr-Werk. They are enthusiastic about technological development, corresponding to the demand of their respective customers. They transact not with final consumers, but with either business or public corporations. The quality of their products and after services is excellent. The most important market is the EU countries and North America, followed by East and Southeast Asian countries. The four companies occupy high share in their respective market. Therefore, they are to be regarded as the so-called “hidden champions” or at least as a company similar to that, which was coined by a German scholar of management, Hermann Simon (1996). As the founders started their respective business, they were small and did not have distinctive technology. As Blum, Zumtobel and Doppelmayr produced their respective products, with which they could rapidly grow, utilized license of some patent which belonged to someone else. Their market area was restricted to their home region. But they improved it and developed not only their own products but also new markets. Among the five advantages of Vorarlberg’s economy, that Wallstreet Journal (Milbank 1995) points out, technological development for high-end products in some niche market, industriousness of the local people, investment for the excellent training of apprentices, and the flat relationship between managers and employees are identified at all the four companies. However, the exploitation of cheap labor in the eastern European countries does not seem to be the factor of the growth of the companies, because they had their most important factories with R&D functions within Vorarlberg in order to manufacture their own respective high-end products, although Zumtobel established a factory in Serbia in 2018 for the European market. Geographical nearness to Switzerland and Swabia in Germany was important factor for the four companies to acquire higher technology under the transportation and communication conditions at the first stage of their respective development. The present author thinks that the so-called dual system or the vocational education system, which is peculiar to the Federal Republic of Austria and especially to the Federal Land Vorarlberg is one of the most important environmental factors, why Vorarlberg and its manufacturing companies can flourish under the globalization. Of course, manufacturing companies, especially the four largest ones dealt with in this paper, contribute to the creation of this environmental condition. It is also the case with Liebherr-Werk Nenzing GmbH, although it is in hand of headquarters of a multinational corporation located outside of Austria. Some managers think that Vorarlberg lacks engineers with graduate level especially in electronics and ICT. However, Vorarlberg has an advantage to attract talented people from outside, because this region is endowed with natural beautiful environment and has created good life conditions.続きを見る |
| 目次 | １．はじめに ２．EU内諸地域の中でのフォラールベルクの経済的位置 ３．フォラールベルク経済のダイナミズム ４．フォラールベルクに立地するイノベーティブな企業群 ５．おわりに |
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| 登録日 | 2019.08.22 |
| 更新日 | 2022.02.10 |