Serological analyses have been utliized to advantage in the phylogenetic studies. This paper deals with the comparison of leaf proteins of several Bramica species by means of the Ouchterlony's method. These plants are regarded as distinct species on the cytogenetical ground, and are convenient to study the relationships between the genome constitution and protein composition. In each comparison of precipitin lines among the different basic monogenomes, B. nigra appeared to possess a component which is not contained in B. oleracea and B. chinensis, and in contrast, B. oleracea and B. chinensis have held another component in common which is not contained in B. nigra. On the other hand, the differences in the precipitin lines between B. oleracea and B. chinensis were no more than the “reaction of imperfect identity.” These facts suggest that there is a closer affinity between a and c genomes than between the either one of these genomes and b genome. From the comparison between these species having basic mono genome and amphidiploid species, B. jnncea (aabb genome), it appeared that the latter possesses all the components which are contained in each species with the basic genome, B. chinensis (aa genome) and B. nigra (bb genome). That is,, a and b genomes of B. jmcea seem to have individually the same function of protein syntheses as a genome of B. chinensis and b genome of B. nigra. On the other hand, at least one of the components which are contained in B. nigra (bb genome), was not detected in B. carinata (bbcc genome). This fact suggests that the b genome of B. carinata appears to have differed from that of B. nigra.
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