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The Usa-Hachiman Shrine (宇佐八幡宮) that had been a provincial shrine of Buzen (豊前) district was raised at a bound to the national great shrine with casting of the Great Buddha of the Todaiji temple at th...e middle period of Nara Era. Since then, the belief of the Imperial Court for the Usa-Hachiman increased and on the occasion of Dokyo's (道鏡) watching for the Imperial Throne which was one of the greatest events in the late Nara Era, Wake-no-Kiyomaro (和気清麻呂) was appointed to an envoy and carried out his mission. As the auspicious convention, since the beginning of Heian-period the envoy to inform it to the divine was appointed from the posterity of Kiyomaro the every enthronement of the Emperor, and they were called the Usa-no-tsukai (or the envoy to Usa-Hachiman Shrine). Besides, there was a few kind of envoys, the messenger of information on the occasion of the national events or accidents daishinpo-shi (大神宝使) who prepared the Holy treasure and dedicated it once in one emperor's lifetime, or from the late 9thcentury Hobeishi (奉幣使) was sent once every three years, and since then it became a custom. The above mentioned envoys were the all Emperor's missionary and they were called Usa-no-tsukai. After the middle period of Heian Era, with the collapse of the postal system (駅伝制), sending by post and supply in the way of Usa-no-tsukai was done by the provincial governor of Sanyodo(山陽道) and Northern Kyushu (北九州) along the route, and the expention for it was allotted to the Shoen (荘園) and was collected by force. The obligation of the manor for Usa-no-tsukai was called Usayaku (宇佐役) composed of mainly the supply of workmen, horses and foods or the reception. But, with the collapse of the system of the provincial governor they were not done enough, and at last, down to the 14th century they were ceased. The Relation between the growth of Usa-Hachiman which reigned over as the grand lord of Shoen and the Usa-no-tsuhai wasn't cleared up so much, but it seems to me that they gaveeffects each other.-5-In this article, I'd like to mention about the problem of a systematical outline of Usa-no-tsukai and its transition of the method to send by post.続きを見る
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