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＜紀要論文＞
近世初期における鷹の調教と鶴取 : 池内吉長の鷹術を中心に
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| 概要 | 本稿の目的は、近世初期にツルを捕らえるための鶴取の鷹術が確立していく歴史的過程と、鶴取の鷹の調教実態を明らかにすることである。鷹狩の狩猟対象鳥類として重要視された「鷹の鳥」が16世紀を画期としてキジからツルへと変化し、ツルを捕獲で、きる鷹は「鶴取之鷹」として領主層から珍重されることとなった。このようにして生まれた鶴取の鷹への需要は、既存の鷹術の在り方を大きく変化させ、新たに鶴取の鷹を調教するための...鷹術が確立した。本稿では、肥後国熊本の加藤家に仕えた池内左太右衛門吉長に関する史料群「池内文書」を分析しながら、上記の課題を検討していく。吉長は鷹術諸流派を相伝した上で、独自に鶴取の調教技術を確立させた。さらに、吉長は自らの鶴取の知識を鷹書として記録化し、次男の吉勝へ相伝させた。この相伝によって鶴取の鷹術は特別な「知」と技法として確立したといえる。また、吉長は鷹書とともに鷹の調教実態を詳細な記録として残した。この記録の分析から、鷹狩によるツルの捕獲は困難で、吉長の調教を受けた鷹の中でも鶴取になれたのはごく一部だ、ったことが明らかになった。すなわち、鶴取はその困難さゆえに特別な調教法を必要とし、鶴取の鷹術なくしては鶴取の「知」と技法が鷹狩文化に根付くことは難しかったのである。 The purpose of this study is to indicate the historical process of the establishment of hawking referred to as Catching Cranes （鶴取 Tsurutori) during the beginning of the Edo period. Tsurutori means Catching Cranes. It aims at clarifying the reality of the training of hawks which were also referred to as Tsurutori. With the 16th century as a crucial period in the establishment of Tsurutori the training underwent a change regarding the prey that was used, which was the shift in focus by the lord class from pheasants to cranes as the main game. Hawks which were able to catch cranes were valued highly by the lord class during that period. With the establishment of Tsurutori as a technique, the demand for Tsurutori-type hawks created a big change in the already existing art of hawking and lead to a proper establishment of the new art of Tsurutori training. This study examines the above topic by analyzing documents concerning Ikeuchi Sadaemon Yoshinaga who serves Kato family in Kumamoto referred to as the “Ikeuchi monjo.” Yoshinaga, in addition to being educated in various types of hawking, played an important role in the establishment of Tsurutori Moreover, Yoshinaga codified his knowledge on hawking within the Book of Falconry and handed it down to his second son Yoshikatsu. Through this succession, the art of Tsurutori training was established as its own “knowledge”and technique. Furthermore, Yoshinaga left his extended knowledge in the form of the Book of Falconry and the hawk training records in detail. From the so-called “hawks training records" it becomes clear that from the hawks that Yoshinaga trained only a small fraction of them were trained to be Tsurutori. Tsurutori needed the original art because of its difficulty. In other words，“knowledge” and technique of Tsurutori could not be taken root in falconry culture without the art of Tsurutori.続きを見る |
| 目次 | はじめに 1 池内吉長と『御鷹肉当之日記」 2 『御鷹肉当之日記』にみる鷹の調教 3 鷹の調教と鶴取 おわりに |
詳細
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| 登録日 | 2019.05.21 |
| 更新日 | 2021.03.18 |