| 概要 |
In recent years, stable supply of trees is becoming a serious problem because the demand for trees is rapidly increasing due to the necessity of environmental conservation. The purpose of this study w...as to find a method to supply trees stably by making a practical analysis of the tree producing districts. First, in this paper, the development of tree production after Second World War and its present condition throughout Japan have been discussed to clarify the characteristics of tree production and marketing. Second, the characteristics of technique, the type of production and marketing, and the classification of the tree producing district have been described as the premise of practical analysis. Third, a practical study on two tree producing districts have been made and the development, structure of production and marketing of trees, the present condition of individual producers, and the process of price making for the producer's selling price in a producing district have been analyzed. The results of analysis are summarized as follow; I) The commodity type of tree can be divided into three groups; seedling, breeding tree, called "Youseiboku", which has been bred from seedling for several years, and garden tree, "Kanseiboku", which is more than ten years old. Techniques such as cutting have been applied to Kanseiboku. It takes from about two to ten years to produce a breeding tree the demand for which has risen greatly. The shorter the period to produce it, the more intense its fertility management becomes. So production of breeding tree is suitable to the small farmer who knows the techniques of fertility management and has agricultural land. The breeding tree includes both garden tree and public tree. There are two forms of tree production i. e., one by the small farmer, family farm, and one by a corporation farm. The former has increased as result of reducing the area of rice land. The latter was advanced mainly by small farmers who signed contracts with corporation farm. The garden trees which are planted in home gardens and the public trees for the public facilities such as public parks, are dealt with by a different marketing executive of trees. Peddlers and auction markets of trees sell garden trees. Tree wholesalers trade public trees only with other special wholesalers and large・ scale gardeners. The form of tree producing district can be classified roughly into the old producing district which is integrated by the wholesaler and a new producing district which is directed by the agricultural coopera tive. 2) A practical analysis on the structure of tree production and marketing in Tanushimaru Town, Ukiha County, Fukuoka Prefecture, and in Asa Town, Hiroshima City, which are representatives of the producing districts, have been made. Many small farmers and a few corporation farms produce trees in Tanushimaru Town. The small farmers practices special tree production of one of two forms; I) trees are chiefly produced, and 2) trees are produced together with other agricultural products. Small farmers mainly produce the garden trees. Corporation farms produce a large amount of the trees for public facilities by contract with small farmers in several other towns. There are peddlers, auction markets, and wholesale sections of agricultural cooperatives as marketing executive in Tanushimaru Town. The wholesalers are the leader for production and marketing of trees, and have been integrating small farmers in Tanushimaru Town. On the other hand, Asa Town is a new tree producing disrict which has been developing under the direction 0 f her agricultural cooperative since the latter half of the 1960's. The Asa Town agricultural cooperative sells by deputy all trees produced by small farmers. 3) Prices of trees are determined according to species and standards. The price of a tree fluctuates remarkably because over-and under-production of trees takes place easily during the long period for its production. The selling price of the breeding tree, Camellia Sasanqua Thunb., which is bred for about four years in Tanushimaru Town by the sman farmers and the cost of production were actuany analyzed and compared. Clearly, the small farmers were selling the Sasanqua tree at a cheaper price than the cost of production. 4) The development of a tree producing district could be accomplished by reorganization of the sman farmers. The method of reorganization is different from one tree producing district to another. In Tanushimaru Town, the existing associations need to establish a council in which the functions of each association are united; the council organizes sman farmers. Then, the wholesalers in that area would lose their power. On the other hand, the present problems of Asa Town are to promote progress of production techniques and expansion of the agricultural cooperative's joint sell. Finaly, for the development of all tree producing districts and stable supply of trees, all sorts of trees must be produced in the most suitable producing district in Japan. Consequently, the amount of supply and demand could be arranged.続きを見る
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