Mendeley出力
＜電子ブック＞
Structure Determination by X-Ray Crystallography
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| 概要 | X-ray crystallography provides us with the most accurate picture we can get of atomic and molecular structures in crystals. It provides a hard bedrock of structural results in chemistry and in mineral...ogy. In biology, where the structures are not fully crystalline, it can still provide valuable results and, indeed, the impact here has been revolutionary. It is still an immense field for young workers, and no doubt will provide yet more striking develop ments of a major character. It does, however, require a wide range of intellectual application, and a considerable ability in many fields. This book will provide much help. It is a very straightforward and thorough guide to every aspect of the subject. The authors are experienced both as research workers themselves and as teachers of standing, and this is shown in their clarity of exposition. There are plenty of iliustrations and worked examples to aid the student to obtain a real grasp of the subject.続きを見る |
| 目次 | 1 Crystal Geometry. I 1.1 Introduction 1.2 The Crystalline State 1.3 Stereographic Projection 1.4 External Symmetry of Crystals Problems 2 Crystal Geometry.II 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Lattices 2.3 Families of Planes and Interplanar Spacings 2.4 Reciprocal Lattice 2.5 Rotational Symmetries of Lattices 2.6 Space Groups Problems 3 Preliminary Examination of Crystals by Optical and X-Ray Methods 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Polarized Light 3.3 Optical Classification of Crystals 3.4 Direction of Scattering of X-Rays by Crystals 3.5 X-Ray Techniques 3.6 Recognition of Crystal System Problems 4 Intensity of Scattering of X-Rays by Crystals 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Path Difference 4.3 Mathematical Representation of a Wave: Amplitude and Phase 4.4 Combination of Two Waves 4.5 Argand Diagram 4.6 Combination of N Waves 4.7 Combined Scattering of X-Rays from the Contents of the Unit Cell 4.8 Structure Factor 4.9 Intensity Expressions 4.10 Phase Problem in Structure Analysis 4.11 Applications of the Structure Factor Equation 4.12 Preliminary Structure Analysis Problems 5 Methods in X-Ray Structure Analysis. I 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Analysis of the Unit-Cell Contents 5.3 Two Early Structure Analyses Revisited Problems 6 Methods in X-Ray Structure Analysis. II 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Fourier Series 6.3 Representation of Crystal Structures by Fourier Series 6.4 Methods of Solving the Phase Problem Problems 7 Direct Methods and Refinement 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Direct Methods of Phase Determination 7.3 Patterson Search Methods 7.4 Least-Squares Refinement 7.5 Molecular Geometry 7.6 Precision 7.7 Correctness of a Structure Analysis 7.8 Limitations of X-Ray Structure Analysis 7.9 Disorder in Single Crystals Problems 8 Examples of Crystal Structure Analysis 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Crystal Structure of 2-Bromobenzo[b]indeno[1,2-e]pyran (BBIP) 8.3 Crystal Structure of Potassium 2-Hydroxy-3,4-dioxocyclobut-1-ene-1-olate Monohydrate (KHSQ) 8.4 Concluding Remarks Problems A.1 Stereoviews and Crystal Models A1.1 Stereoviews A1.2 Model of a Tetragonal Crystal A1.3 Stereoscopic Space-Group Drawings A.2 Crystallographic Point-Group Study and Recognition Scheme A.3 Schoenflies' Symmetry Notation A3.1 Alternating Axis of Symmetry A3.2 Notation A.4 Generation and Properties of X-Rays A4.1 X-Rays and White Radiation A4.2 Characteristic X-Rays A4.3 Absorption of X-Rays A4.4 Filtered Radiation A.5 Crystal Perfection and Intensity Measurement A5.1 Crystal Perfection A5.2 Intensity of Reflected Beam A5.3 Intensity Measurements A5.3.1 Film Measurements A5.3.2 Diffractometer Geometry and Data Collection A5.4 Data Processing A5.4.1 Introduction A5.4.2 Standard Deviation of Intensity A5.4.3 Absorption Corrections A5.4.4 Scaling A5.4.5 Merging Equivalent Reflections A5.5 Synchrotron Radiation A.6 Transformations A.7 Comments on Some Orthorhombic and Monoclinic Space Groups A7.1 Orthorhombic Space Groups A7.2 Monoclinic Space Groups A.8 Vector Algebraic Relationships in Reciprocal Space A8.1 Introduction A8.2 Reciprocal Lattice A8.2.1 Interplanar Spacings A8.2.2 Reciprocity of Unit Cell Volumes A8.2.3 Angle between Bravais Lattice Planes A8.3 X-Ray Diffraction and the Reciprocal Lattice A8.3.1 Bragg's Equation A8.4 Laue Photographs A8.5 Crystal Setting A8.5.1 Setting Technique A.9 Intensity Statistics A9.1 Weighted Reciprocal Lattice A9.1.1 Laue Symmetry A9.1.2 Systematic Absences A9.1.3 Accidental Absences A9.1.4 Enhanced Averages A9.1.5 Special Distributions A.10 Enantiomorph Selection Solutions.続きを見る |
| 本文を見る | Full text available from SpringerLink ebooks - Physics and Astronomy (Archive) |
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| 登録日 | 2020.06.27 |
| 更新日 | 2020.06.28 |