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The Doha Round framewoek agreements state that all forms of export sucsides should be eliminated, which includes not only export subsides through food aid and export credits, but also "consumer financ...ed" ones through exporting STEs. Therefore, one needs a theoretical definition and practical measurements of "hidden" export subsides unregulated under the current WTO rules. This paper proposes a basic definition for the "consumer financed" export subsidy equivalent (ESE) created by STEs' price discrimination among export markets as well as price discrimination between export and domestic markets. Examples of calculated ESE values are shown using the Canadian dairy STE with price discrimination between export and domestic markets and the Australian whest STE with price discrimination among export markets. The ESE proposed here whould provide a useful measurement of "consumer financed" export subsides.続きを見る
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