| 概要 |
In growth and development research, the traditional models based on cross-sectional and longitudinal models have usually been employed. In these models, growth and development is assumed to be a funct...ion of the two factors of age, time of measurement or cohort. The literatures on tri-factorial model in which growth and development is accout for as a function of age, time of measurement and cohort were summarized by Kessen (1960) and Schaie (1965). The Nymegen Growth Study develops these models and average value on each groups is described by the formula, G0=B+A+C+T+L (where B refers to the base line value ; A, the age effect ; C, the cohort effect ; T, the time of measurement effect ; L, the learning or testing effect). The present paper attempts to analyze the development of running long jump following the tri-factorial model in Nymegen Growth Study. The materials for this study are obtained by testing elementary school children. The measurements of both cohorts were administrated twice at 5-months intervals in 1978. A total of 22 boys is divided into two groups according to their birth periods (cohort). In addition, independently selected control group from younger cohort is employed to assess the impact of testing effect. The results obtained are as follws. 1) Cross-sectionally, the difference between two cohorts in the first measurement was significant. nevertheless, in the second measurement it is not significant. 2) Longitudinally, the younger cohort develops, while the elder cohort develops with non significance. 3) When the corresponding groups compared, it proves that neither the testing effect nor the time of measurement is significant in this design. 4) Consequently, the development or growth of running long jump is due to the net age effect, especially so in the younger cohort. We hope to expand the tri-factorial model by adding more data. Because there are evidences which support the application of this model to our area, and because the present approach would be of great value to the study of growth and development.
古典的な発育・発達研究のデザインのうち,横断的な方法はDX＝f(A,C),縦断的な方法はDLO＝f(A,T)という関数式で表現されているが,KessenやSchaieの三要因モデルは心理学,社会心理学の領域にとり入れられ一定の成果をあげている。本稿では三要因モデルの拡張版としたNymegen Growth Studyのデザインがデータとは年令(A),コホート(C),測定時(T),テスト効果(L)の合成値(Go＝B＋A＋T＋C＋L)として表現できるものであることを紹介し,このミニマムなタイプをもちいて小学校男子児童の走り幅とびについて適用した事例を報告した。この適用事例の結果を要約すると,以下のようになる。1.春季の5年生と6年生の間には有意な年令効果(a)が認められた。2.春季と秋季の比較では,5年生に有意な年令効果が認められたが,6年生では認められなかった。3.テスト効果(L),測定時効果(t)には有意な効果は認められなかった。4.走り幅とびの時期は5年生の春季頃にピークが一つ存在し,これは正味の年令効果,生理機能の生物学的変化によるものと考えられる。一変数について少数標本を用い,ミニマムなデザインを示して適用を行なったが,デザインのタイプを拡大し,多変数・大標本を用いていく必要性が今後にのこされている。続きを見る
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