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Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have garnered significant attention due to their high power conversion efficiency and simple fabrication process. A challenge in PSC fabrication is forming a uniform, def...ect-free perovskite layer with long-term operational stability. To address this, antisolvent engineering and surface passivation techniques have been widely adopted. However, commonly used antisolvents such as chlorobenzene and toluene pose significant health and environmental risks due to their toxicity. In this study, tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) was explored as a safer alternative. Devices were fabricated using a carbon-based monolithic structure. Through systematic optimization, using TEOS as an antisolvent yielded a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 1.16%. Further improvement was achieved by combining TEOS as an antisolvent and a passivation agent, resulting in the highest recorded PCE of 2.28%. These results highlight the potential of TEOS to enhance both the performance and safety profile of PSCs, offering a promising direction for sustainable PSC fabrication.show more
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p1243-1250