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| Abstract |
The etiological roles of psychosocial factors in cancer and coronary heart disease (CHD) have received much attention in psychosomatic research, and recent epidemiological studies have added scienti...fic evidence concerning this issue. Grossarth-Maticek and colleagues have shown, through their series of prospective studies, a strong relationship between certain personalities (reactions to stress) and diseases such as cancer, apoplexy, and CHD. Based on the Grossarth-Maticek theory, we have developed a self-administered questionnaire, the Stress Inventory (SI), to assess possible disease-prone personalities in the Japanese population. This paper describes the constructs to be assessed by SI and the procedure for creating items included in SI. Content validity is also discussed. We created a pool of items referring to the Grossarth-Maticek disease-prone/healthy personalities, including "Types 1 to 6", "7 traits", and "self-regulation". Using different sets of items selected from the pool, we interviewed doctors and nurses specializing in psychosomatic medicine if the items were easily understood and if they appropriately asked what we intended. According to their comments, a set of revised items was constructed. Similar procedures were then done with psychosomatic patients, followed by patients with cancer or myocardial infarction. Finally, a set of 75 items for SI was prepared to assess 9 constructs: 'low sense of control', 'having an idealized object that causes persistent hopelessness and depression', 'having a persecuting object that causes chronic irritation and anger', 'ambivalent dependence on an object', 'openness of negative emotions', 'unfulfilled needs for dependence', 'tendency to repress one's own needs', 'rationality and anti-emotionality', and 'lack of emotional experiences'. The current version of SI was found to be usable as a self-administered questionnaire and valid in content. Further examinations will aim at its factorial and construct validity, as well as reliability.show more
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