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Electric Vehicles (EVs) are revolutionizing transportation, impacting users and infrastructure system. Reliable EV chargers require robust electrical protection and data communication. This work aims ...to evaluate the performance of EV chargers to improve the product's capability by experimentally studying several EV chargers using multi-functional measuring instruments and software referring to standards and protocols. The EV charger's electrical protection is evaluated through residual current protection, voltage drop, and impedance testing. The Open Charge Point Protocol (OCPP) parameters are used for data communication testing. This study revealed that the leakage current on the input side is below 30 mA, but the protection response time of CS 4 is more than 140 ms. On the output side, the leakage current of CS 2 and 4 is more than 30 mA, with a protection response time of CS 1 and 4 more than 140 ms. The voltage drop of CS 1 is higher than 3%. The neutral-to-ground voltage of CS 1, 2, and 3 is more than 5 V. The most significant phase-to-neutral impedance is obtained by CS 3, while CS 4 has a lower phase-to-ground impedance. Data communications testing results are captured for CS 1 to CS 4 responses for status availability and heartbeat no longer than 5 s. Meanwhile, CS 2 could not send the metervalue after charging, and CS 2 and CS 3 did not have reservation features to anticipate the waiting time. These findings demonstrate the performance quality of EV chargers and might serve as a reference for further development and enhancement by relevant standards and protocols.続きを見る
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Mendeley出力
p2515-2525