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Development of an Object LengthMeasurement System in a Virtual Reality Space for Medical Education
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| Abstract | Purpose : This study aimed to develop a prototype caliper measurement tool that exists in real space to measure the length of three-dimensional (3D) virtual reality (VR) anatomical models with accepta...ble accuracy and reproducibility, particularly for medical education and training. Methods : The measurement tool was constructed using a digital caliper with two object-tracking sensors to synchronize the positions of the virtual and real jaws. The accuracy and reproducibility for measuring virtual cubes (5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 mm) and three anatomical regions of VR models for vessel, skeleton, and organ were examined. Measurements for the virtual cubes and VR anatomical models were performed by one and two raters, respectively. The degree of agreement between measurements was evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Results : The developed tool effectively connected real and VR spaces. The measurement errors of the virtual cubes were within 0.5 mm or less for all virtual cube sizes. No statistically significant differences were observed between the errors for any of the virtual cube sizes. Alternatively, measurement errors were within 0.3 mm or less for all regions of VR anatomical models. No statistically significant differences were observed between the errors for the VR anatomical models. High degrees of intra- and inter-rater measurement reliabilities in terms of the ICC were 0.99 in both. Conclusion : The developed prototype measurement tool was effective in a VR environment with measurement errors of less than 0.5 mm and reliable ICCs for the measurement of VR objects and VR anatomical structures, especially for medical education and training. 【目的】本研究は，head-mounted display（HMD）装着下でバーチャルリアリティ（VR）空間に表現 したVR 解剖モデルの直接的な計測評価が可能なデジタルノギスを利用した長さ計測システムのプロトタイプを開発し，計測の正確さと再現性を評価することで，医学・医療分野での活用の可能性と意義を考察することを目的とした．【方法】実物体と仮想物体の位置・動きを同期するセンサで，現実空間のデジタルノギスのjawとVR 空間の仮想jaw とを紐付け，VR 空間で使用できる長さの計測システムを開発した．この計測システムの評価は，一辺が5，10，25，50，100 mmの仮想キューブと，VR で表現した三つのVR 解剖モデ ル（血管，骨格，臓器）に対して行った．キューブは1名の被験者による計測，VR解剖モデルは2名の被験者による計測を行い，結果は，キューブとVR 解剖モデルに対する計測誤差とその統計的分析により評価した．また，被験者内の計測の信頼性と被験者間の計測の信頼性を，級内相関係数（intraclass correlation coefficients：ICC）を求め評価した． 【結果】開発した計測システムは，現実空間のデジタルノギスのjaw とVR 空間の仮想jaw が連動し，HMD 装着下でVR 空間上に表現した物体の長さを計測できた．キューブの計測誤差は，すべてのキューブサイズで0.5 mm以内であった．また，各キューブサイズの計測誤差間には統計的有意差を 認めなかった．VR 解剖モデルの計測誤差は，すべての解剖部位で0.3mm以内で，各VR 解剖モデ ルの計測誤差の間にも統計的有意差を認めなかった．被験者内および被験者間の計測の信頼性（ICC）はともに0.99 と十分に高い値を示した．【結論】HMD装着下でVR 解剖モデルの直接的な計測評価が可能な長さ計測システムのプロトタイプ を開発でき，医学・医療分野での活用の可能性がある．show more |
| Table of Contents | Introduction Materials and Methods Requirements for VR measurement system in this study VR measurement system development and VR space construction Measurement experiments and statistical analysis Results Discussions Declarations Conclusion |
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| Created Date | 2023.05.25 |
| Modified Date | 2023.06.28 |