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The purpose of this study was to develop a Stress Check List (SCL) on a multiple scale measuring mental, physical and social stress, and to clarify the effects of exercise and sport activities in redu...cing stress. A questionnaire, on a SCL-3 scale developed as a pilot study, was administered to 354 male and female students and 382 expectant and nursing mothers between April and July of 1988. The relationships between the change of SCl.-4 scores and exercise or sport clubs in high school and college were analyzed on 117 male and 83 female students, and the effects of stress reduction following exercise were suggested. The results were summarized as follows: 1. By using factor analysis, nine factors can be named: persistence, lack of concentration and emotional confusion as mental stress, fatigue, sleep disorder, waking up disorder and muscle tension as physical stress. and anti-social behavior and tension toward others as social stress were extracted. A SCL-4 scale consisting of 49 items was developed. 2. Although there was no significant difference between male and female students on the SCL total score, their stress levels were significantly lower than that of expectant and nursing mothers. Significantly lower scores were found in physical stress : fatigue, sleep disorder, muscle tension, and emotional confusion, in students. Tension toward others as social stress for students, therefore, was higher than that of expectant and nursing mothers. 3. For students who belonged to sport clubs in high school, the SCL-4 subscale score for persistence, lack of concentration and tension toward others decreased significantly. 4. Though the tension toward others subscale score on students who belonged to sport clubs in college decreased significantly. lack of concentration and fatigue subscale score of students who belong to culture clubs as well as anti-social behavior, fatigue and muscle tension subscale score of students not belonging to any clubs increased significantly. 5. On analysis of the level of exercise, the SCL total score increased significantly for students who did not do any exercise in college. Lack of concentration and fatigue especially decreased significantly.show more
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