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＜departmental bulletin paper＞
What is metaphor?
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| Abstract | Because metaphor is commonly found in literature, attempts to interpret literary works should always keep the possibility of metaphorical contribution clearly in mind. Unfortunately, from a theoretica...l viewpoint, the precise nature of metaphor has been hotly contested. This paper will mention various scholars that have contributed to the theoretical understanding of metaphor and examine their ideas in an attempt to derive a sound theoretical framework for examining metaphor in literary contexts. Aristotle explains metaphor as a comparative activity. The similar aspects perceived in the two different elements are seen as the logical result of comparing two elements in the same overarching category. Richards critiques Aristotle's viewpoint and notes how a great deal of everyday language is, in fact, derived from previous metaphorical expression. Black expresses agreement with Richards's viewpoint and stresses the bidirectional nature of the relationship between the two elements. Lakoff points out how metaphor derives its rhetorical power from already existing concepts in the mind and emphasizes that metaphor is not a purely linguistic activity but a broadly conceptual one. Ricoeur understands metaphor as a straightforward activity on the linguistic expression-plane that nevertheless must rely on the broader semiotic network for its power and subtlety. Davidson, on the other hand, explains that many expressions which appear be metaphorical have in fact become "literal" through use. In this sense, Davidson sees metaphor as the momentary creative inspiration that gives birth to newly minted literal expressions. While the opinions of the scholars mentioned differ greatly in terms of particulars, with the exception of Davidson, most recent scholarship views metaphor as a pervasive linguistic strategy used to encourage the understanding of unlike domains of experience in terms of some mutual aspect or aspects.show more |
| Table of Contents | 文学作品における隠喩に関して 隠喩理論の近代的原点:文芸評論家 リチャーズ リチャーズの見解を発展させた哲学者 ブラック 言語学の枠を超えて、記号論的な隠喩論を提供した哲学者リクール 認知意味論の知識によって説明する言語学者レイコフ デイヴィドソンの「非隠喩論」に関して 隠喩論と隠喩の分析に関して |
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| Created Date | 2021.10.14 |
| Modified Date | 2021.12.13 |