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The optic nerve of the orb weaving spiders, Argiope amoena and A. bruennichii contains efferent fibers that mediate the circadian sensitivity rhythm of the eyes. Lucifer yellow applied to the cut end ...of the optic nerves marked cell bodies of the efferent neurons within the neurosecretory cell groups in the protocerebrum, just in front of the central body, and in the lower edge of the protocerebrum, near the circumesophageal connectives. In orb weaving spiders, the frequency of efferent impulses in the optic nerve increases by illumination of the brain. We found even after a large part of the brain was removed, leaving the ipsilateral first- and second-order optic lobes intact, the optic nerve activity also increased by illumination of the optic lobes. These observations suggest that the cerebral photosensitive neurons are different from the efferent neurons that project fibers centrifugally to the optic nerve, and are located in the optic lobes.show more
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