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This study investigates the extent to which writing prompts affect the uses of particular grammatical items such as present perfect and passive voice by Japanese learners of English. Two kinds of surv...eys were conducted in which the participants were given two different writing prompts without any specification of the target grammatical items. In the first survey, one group of students was given a prompt taken from a high school English textbook which informs them of a topic about which they were asked to write. Another group of students was given revised versions of the original prompts with minimum addition on what they should write in order to elicit the target grammatical item. The second survey used the same prompts as the ones used in the first survey for the first writing. Then, the participants were asked to write for the second time with a model text that they could refer to when writing their own text. The results show that the changes in the prompts increased the uses of the target grammatical items. This implies that the more specific a prompt is, the more chances there will be of students using target grammatical items. The results also suggest that a prompt with a model text will lead students to use target grammatical items.show more
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