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| Abstract |
The pine needle gall midge is the most injurious pest of Pinus densifora and P. thwzbergii in Korea. In general, pine needle gall midge damage reaches a maximal level about 7 years following invasion ...by the midge, and parasite populations increase a few years thereafter. Four species of Platygastridae that parasitize the midge have been found in Korea, and their parasitization percentages are on the increase. Three of the parasites, P. matsutama, I. hockpari, and I. seoulis are effective natural enemies of the midge and have been utilized for biological control by translocation.show more
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