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The article proposes that the superiority phenomenon and its disappearance can be deduced from the Least Effort and the Phase theory. In this approach, a superiority effect is a result of a competitio...n among potentially possible derivations. The superiority is determined based on the estimated cost of each movement, not the structural closeness of the two wh-words. Furthermore, assuming that the derivations in the competition are evaluated at the end of every phase, the wh-word in the upper phase is superior to the one in the lower phase unless the latter has moved up to the upper phase beforehand. Conversely, if the multiple wh-words occur in a common phase and the cost of each derivation is equivalent, the superiority effect will disappear. In order to confirm this prediction, I examine the contrast of the superiority effect observed in English and German. I also discuss the superiority effect and its disappearance in definite clauses in which a weak pronoun moves to the front of vP (Müller (2004)'s Wackernagel Movement) and in indefinite clauses of which the clause type is coherent (Grewendorf & Sternfeld (1990)). I show that even in German, where disappearance of the superiority effect is extensively observed, the effect is preserved in these syntactic environments.show more
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0.初めに 1.フェイズと優位効果 2.ドイツ語の優位効果 3.ドイツ語に於けるスクランブリングと優位効果 4.節の定形性と優位効果 5.'incoherent'な非定形節に隔てられた二重疑問詞が示す優位性 6.優位現象とWackernagel Movement 7.結語
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