The extent of rural poverty in the Philippines is well recognized and documented, and results from both low levels of economic growth in rural regions and intense demographic pressure. The Philippine government and International Development Agencies have applied various policies such as the diffusion of high-yielding varieties and land reform to address problems stemming from rural poverty. But, to date, researches on the effects of these rural development measures are characterized by a lack of consensus. The objectives of this paper are to identify the determinants of household income in the rice growing villages and to explore the impact of green revolution and land reform on income distribution there. For the purpose of it, we estimate the income determination functions of factor components of rice income and of nonrice income. From the estimation results of income determination functions, we calculate the inequalities of income distribution for the adoption of high-yielding varieties and the accomplishment of land reform, by using Gini decomposition analysis. The major findings are as follows; 1) The important determinants of farm household income include land reform, irrigation, technical efficiency and overseas employment as well as factor endowments such as land and labor. 2) Green revolution and land reform contribute to the enhancements of household income in all study areas. 3) Green revolution and land reform, however, inequalize the distribution of household income in the study area where both the share of rice income and the inequality of farm land are large.