Japanese food system has established in large scale accompanied by distribution revolution. Nowadays, food industries, participants to the system require the stability and certainty of the production and marketing of the agricultural products. For example, at the stage of retailers, both stable amounts and various qualities of agricultural commodities are especially requisite to the supermarket chains. NC117 Committee (director, Bruce Marion) provided the new methodology to analyse the relationship among vertical stages, and to develop the stable and certain food system. It focuses on the vertical stages, while industrial organization aims at the horizontal level in the food system. In particular, subsector and vertical coordination contribute to make clear the new methodology. But, subsector analysis has just begun with the conceptual framework and now is expected to generalize by positive researches in Japanese agricultural subsector.