| Abstract |
The Kumamo-belief which had swayed the aristocratic society in the end of the ancient ages, was, in the middle ages, gradually accepted by the people at large. And this attributed to activities of mis...sionary workers, the development of manors (荘園), the establishment of local branches of Kumano Shrine and so forth. Especially that this was broadly accepted among the newly risen class the worriors of eastern provinces-on account of active solicitation by Oshi (御師), determined the local development of Kumano-belief. Moreover that they were rich men in the local community and the guide system by Sendati (先達), which was peculiar to Kumano made many warriors participate the Kumano-pilgrimage and this more grew in prosperity. On the contrary, the peasant at large, in the period of Kamakura (the end of 12c-the beginning of 14c) when the degree of their economic development was yet low and their subordination to their lords was great, could not have freedom nor means to travel as far away as Kumano. The only way for them to put their Kumano-belief into practice- that is pilgrimage- was to follow as porters to their own lords' pilgrimage.show more
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