The present paper is concerned with the contribution of the collectivization of peasant farms in Soviet Russia. From the viewpoint of national economy, it was clear that the collectivization in agricultural sector played an important role. It was the foundation of rapid industrialization of Soviet Russian economy especially before World War Ⅱ. Grain and other food resources needed for industrial workers as well as raw materials for various processing industries were enabled to be supplied by means of the collectivization of peasant farms. Without the collectivization, such a rapid development in industrialization could not be realized in its early stage of the Soviet Russian planned economy. From the viewpoint of peasant farms, however, the roles of collectivization in agriculture were rather complicated. It did not necessarily contribute to the development in the productivity of farming. The number of cattle kept by peasant farmers, for instance, decreased through the early period of the collectivization. Total production of grain food also decreased. But we should not overemphasize the negative phase of the collectivization, and consider it as a compulsive policy itself. The cooperation before the collectivization of agriculture attained some important effects. As far as the majority of small sized farmers is concerned, their economic condition was improved to some extent, even though they had to take a heavy burden due to the rapid industrialization: for instance, an unreasonably low price. Nevertheless, they were so poor that cooperation strengthened their physical and economic conditions as farm producers and increased the amount of farm production. Moreover, some progressive cooperation carried on processing factories of the farm production, model farms and so on. These experiences of the cooperation in the early time enlightened the peasant farmers on the effects of the cooperative or collective farming. The cooperation before collectivization was one of the factors of the rapid collectivization. Another important factor was the policy for stabilization of supply of grain. The latter has been studied recently pretty fully, but little study has been made as for the former point.