| Abstract |
Taking advantage of the occurrence of the An-shi (安史) rebellion, the Pohai (渤海) Kingdom dispached its army and occupied the Small Kao-chu-li Kingdom (小高句麗国). In Ho-pei (河北) section after the An-shi re...bellion, the three chieh-tu-shih (節度使) of Yu-chou (幽州), Ch'eng-te (成徳), and Wei-po (魏博) consolidated their independent attitude, rejecting the rule of the Tang Dynasty. Therefore the chieh-tu-shih of Yu-chou, whose jurisdiction covered part of the Great Wall line of China, had to defend with its own forces the area against the invading foreign races from the north. It was the Uigur (回紇) that ruled the nomadic tribes outside of the Tang's northern border, and its hegemony continued till about 840 A. D. or the 5th year of K'ai-ch'eng (開成). And the Hsi (奚) entered into an alliance with the Uigur and invaded violently the Tang border with this backing. But the Uigur was much weaker than the Turk(突厥) had once been, and the activity of Hsi was also much weaker than that of the erstwhile Jurcen (契丹). Thus the invading Hsi forces suffered frequent defeats by the counter-attacks by the Chieh-tu-shih of Yu-chou. In order to meet the Hsi invasions, the chieh-tu-shih of Yu-chou joined hands with the Po-hai and, by securing the Ying-chou (営州) area, engaged in the mutual friendly communications. The Hsi and the Uigur had neither the intention nor the power to invade Liao-tung (遼東), and their invasions into Ho-Pei, into which they poured their main efforts, ended frequently with their defeats. Liao-timg, for a long time, escaped the invasions both by China and by nomadic tribes. Thus the Po-hai Kingdom could rule the Small Kao-chu-li Kingdom as its exclusive tributary state, extending the same ruling system as in its mainland, and exploit the forestry, mining and agriculture in the latter kingdom. With this help, the Po-hai Kingdom could become the powerful state that was called "the Prosperous State of the Oversea East" in the age of King Hsuan (宣王), 818-830 A.D.show more
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