| Abstract |
The system of Xiang-Tun (郷村) was reorganized in the 7th year of Kai-bao (開宝), when the Xiang-fen (郷村) was replaced by Guan (管) in which there were posted the officials, Hu-chang (戸長) and Chi-chang (耆長...), for the businesses of the local administration. After that, most of the Guans waned or disappeared and generally they came to take the conventional system of Xiang-li (郷里) . Then appeared Chi-bao, the province governed by the Chi-chang of Guan, which, instead of Guan, became a new subsidiary district of administration. The origin of Chi-bao was a group of one hundred Kos (戸) which was combined among Xiang-tuns in the 5th year of Xian-du (顕徳) of Hou-zhou (後周) in Wudai Era (五代), and each Chi-bao had the three large Kos or Chi-chang. In the beginning of North-Song Era, a Chi-bao consisted of about one hundred Shu-kos (主戸). The Chi-bao was the sub-unit of Xian as the subsidiary district of provincial administration, and businesses of local government were carried out in terms of this unit. In other words, Chi-bao was actually under direct control of Xian as an administrative district. In North-Song Era, the system of Xiang-li was conventionally used in practice, while Chi-bao was the formal appellation for this administrative unit.show more
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