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＜departmental bulletin paper＞
Com unities in Chankuo Era
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| Abstract | The essentials I intended to point out are as follows: (1) The communities (i 邑) in the Ch'unch'iu 春秋 era are various, from a kuo (国) which a lord inhabited to a small community of about ten shihs (室).... (2) A kuo constructs a castle. Formerly gentlemen (with artisans and merchants) lived in the castle. Peasants inhabited the community in yeh 野), namely outside of the castle of kuo (such an i was called pi 鄙). In these days the castle was not so big. (3) But in the later era the scale of kuo-castle became larger and (a part of) peasants entered and lived in the castle. A part of pis too became bigger and came to have the castle. (4) In Chankuo era it can be assumed that the former kuo, the old i of pi, the newly-established i and the i which integrated several old is became chun 郡, hsien 県, hsiang 郷, t'ing 亭 and li 里. Some of such is had the castle, but some had not. (5) In accordance with the Ssumafa 司馬法, we can assume that in the Chankuo era peasants lived inside and outside of the castle. (6) Inside of a castle (especially a considerably large castle) there were the same number of hus 戸 in every residential section which was well-regulated to a degree. But in an i outside of the castle, the number of hus was various. (7) The chingt'ien 井田 system (which can be divided into several patterns according to its contents) describes the residence of peasants. This description reflects the first situation of peasants inhabiting exclusively out of the castle, the second situation of peasants inhabiting both inside and outside of the castle, and the third situation of peasants inhabiting actively inside of the castle, because of the larger scale of castle. All the more, we cannot uniformly answer to the question where the peasants were obliged to live in the Chint'ien system.show more |
| Table of Contents | はしがき 一、春秋時代初期、農民がすべて田野に居住していたこと ニ、とくに戦国時代、農民が城内と田野とに分れ住んでいたこと 三、井田制における農民の住居 むすび |
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| Created Date | 2019.05.27 |
| Modified Date | 2020.09.28 |