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| Abstract |
“Ema” are votive tablets of painted wood which people used to dedicate to temples and shrines in Japan. Among these ema, those with paintings depicting agricultural scenes are called “noko-ema.” Noko-...ema have been researched and documented in prefectures and municipalities throughout Japan. In Fukuoka Prefecture, a complete enumeration of ema has found some noko-ema: however, no research to date values noko-ema as historical materials. The basic premise of this study, therefore, is to research and organize the data on noko-ema in Fukuoka Prefecture so that they may come to be valued and utilized as historical materials in the near future. Noko-ema in Fukuoka Prefecture can be classified into three types: farming in the four seasons, spring plowing and singular scenes. Many noko-ema can be found in the Chikuzen and Chikugo regions, particularly in the Ukiha and Asakura areas. They exist both in plain and mountain areas. Most noko-ema were dedicated during the five decades from the end of the Edo Period through to the Meiji Period. Many were dedicated during spring plowing, rice planting and harvesting periods, or during spring, summer and autumn festivals. The major reason for dedicating them to the temples and shrines was to call for rain and other such water-related reasons. The dedicators, whose names are stated on the noko-ema, included individuals, whole villages, multiple villages, multiple kumi or fure （wards）, county groups（clan officials） and other worshipping groups（ko）. When the rice-based economy collapsed and rice growing became the work of individuals rather than the community, people stopped dedicating noko-ema.show more
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