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This study considers Rudolf Modley’s efforts to achieve the standardization of international graphic symbols from 1940 to 1976. Modley was one of the major activists in the movement to standardize gra...phic symbols and his interest in standardization continued throughout his life. During the 1930s and 1940s, Modley, who had the experience of working under Otto Neurath in Vienna, worked in the making of charts in the U.S. After WWII, he continued to undertake various projects and institutional works devoted to developing international graphic symbols until 1976, the year of his death. Although in some instances he is regarded as a ‘designer’, in reality, he was a consultant and coordinator in his field. By focusing on these more appropriate roles, this study examines his activities with the project of compiling a symbol dictionary and his work at Glyphs, Inc. Finally, some characteristics of Modley’s principles related to the standardization of graphic symbols are discussed and evaluated.show more
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Hisa_Ihara_RUDOLF MODLEY_GRAPHIC SYMBOLS