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Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) such as Crohnʼs disease and ulcerative colitis are critical disease, characterized by abdominal pain, diarrhea, bleeding and malabsorption. Approximately 25％ of IBD p...atients are diagnosed before the age of 18 years, particularly during puberty. Recently, biological therapies have modified the treatment strategies and have been shown to be effective and safe not only in adults but also children. Although IBD are suggested to result from dysregulation of immune system and environmental factors, the accurate etiology of IBD remains unknown. The genetic background of IBD has been focused for several years. According to recent studies, the number of IBD association loci has increased to about 200. The majority of IBD associated genes are involved in immune system. Indeed, IBD is one of the most common complications of primary immunodeficiency （PID). Thus, when we see IBD patients, PID should not be missed because prognosis and medical management are different from idiopathic IBD patients.show more
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