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Structural and compositional changes of vacuum residue (VRF), its maltene and asphaltene before and after HDS at some temperatures by some catalysts were investigated by $^1$H-, $^{13}$C-NMR, ESR, TOF...-MS and XRD to clarify the sludge structure and its formation mechanism. Such analyses revealed the chemical structure of hydrocarbons, molecular flexibility and molecular weight distribution, entanglement and stacking of alkyl chains and aromatic planes. The metallic content of asphaltene in feed and desulfurized VRF was found much the same although HDS removed metal according to its severity. The aromatic natures of maltene for dissolving activity, molecular weight distribution of asphaltene for solubility and molecular flexibility for entanglement and stacking appeared to influence the sludge formation.続きを見る
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