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Mass concentrations of chemical compounds in both fine (particle diameter, Dp < 2.5 μm) and coarse mode (2.5 < Dp < 10 μm) were measured in urban sites of the Fukuoka area using a continuous dichotomo...us Aerosol Chemical Speciation Analyzer (ACSA-12) at a time-resolution of 1 h throughout 2014. We found that mass concentrations of particulate matter (PM), sulfate, and water-soluble organic compounds in fine mode showed a predominant peak during the spring, indicative of long-range transport due to the prevailing westerly wind. Nitrate mass in fine mode showed an obvious warm-season-low and cold-season-high pattern; thus, it was difficult to accurately quantify the cross-boundary transport of nitrate because of the gas-aerosol phase equilibrium process, particularly under high temperature conditions. Mineral dust and sea salt were the two most important medians carrying coarse mode nitrates. This study found that the transported anthropogenic pollutants contributed to ambient PM mass in Fukuoka city, although urban emission was not negligible.show more
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