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| Abstract |
Asian agriculture has shown a remarkable progress over the last half a century. Asia has been the most successful region in fighting against hunger. The progress, however, has not visited evenly all t...he countries. We still see enormous disparities in crop yields and farm incomes among Asian countries. Cross country comparisons have revealed a staged dissemination of green revolution technologies, which resulted in the leveling-off, rather than disparities, of land productivity among Asian countries. It is the labor productivity that has amplified disparities among countries. Two major driving forces have been identified: shift in labor force to other sectors and shift in production to non-traditional sectors including agribusinesses. Labor productivity soared where the number of farmers declined sharply. It also rose in countries where agricultural production shifted to livestock or non-traditional products. With a continued peace and political stability the agriculture sector of less advanced Asian countries will quickly catch up with advanced countries as being proven in China, Thailand and Vietnam.
アジアの農業は過去半世紀に急速な発展を見た。アジアは飢えとの戦いで最も成功した地域である。しかし国別に見ると収量や農業所得になお著しい格差が見られる。国別比較分析の結果、緑の革命の技術はアジア諸国に段階的に普及し、その結果、土地生産性については格差拡大ではなく平準化が見られることがわかった。国別格差が拡大したのは労働生産性で、農業労働力の他部門への移動及び需要に対応した生産のシフトが起きたかどうかが鍵であった。アジア低開発途上国の農業は、今後平和な環境が続けば、中国、タイ、ベトナムが成し遂げつつあるように、他の先進国に急速にキャッチアップしていくであろう。show more
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