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Social Development and International Health & Population in Central Asia : Prevalence Rates of HIV/AIDS and of Smoking as Human Development Index (HDI) Issues in the Region

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Abstract Following the collapse of the Soviet Union (USSR), five republics in Central Asia became independent: Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyz, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan. Since then, each country is evolving ...on its own direction. While these five countries share similar historical background in the social security and social service system as well as related issues rising during the transition, Kazakhstan is boosting its economy thanks to the rich natural resources. The gaps and differences among the five countries are widening while they share common global issues such as environment, HIV/AIDS, and narcotic drug that they need to confront in collaboration. This article reviews the current status of social development in Central Asian countries by making a comparison across countries in the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals(MDGs) as well as Human Development Index(HDI), and then taking up the abusive substance-triggered problems of HIV/AIDS epidemic and 'Prevalence of Smoking' from the two above indicators, further discussion is attempted. Among the MDG, "Universal primary education"(MDG2) has already been achieved yet UN suggest that the quality of education has to be improved. This article concludes with policy recommendation in ensuring the health education to be included in the basic education, especially in the Central Asian countries, as vulnerable in the above problems, in order to protect Human Security for the people in Central Asia.
1991年のソビエト社会主義共和国連邦の解体により、中央アジアに誕生したカザフスタン共和国、ウズベキスタン共和国、キルギス共和国、タジキスタン共和国、トルクメニスタン共和国は、ソ連時代からの共通の背景を継承しながら、それぞれの道を歩み変容を続けている。また、中央アジア地域は環境、HIV/エイズ、麻薬などのグローバルな問題を共有していている。本稿では、これらの国々の現状の概略を社会開発の観点から、国連ミレニアム開発目標(MDG)の指標や達成度などの比較を行ないながらレビューし、人間開発指標(HDI)の中で特に2つの薬物性依存症の問題であるHIV/エイズの流行と喫煙率について考察を行う。MDG8つの目標の中で唯一達成されているのは、MDG2の初等教育の普及である。しかし質の改善が強く求められている。本稿では、国際社会と比較しても立ち遅れるHIV/エイズと喫煙対策の分野に関して、中央アジア諸国における学校数育にHIV感染予防や禁煙教育などを健康教育に盛り込む政策と実施が必要であることを提言する。これは、中央アジア諸国の人間の安全保障を守り、個々人の福祉を向上することにもつながる。
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Created Date 2010.12.20
Modified Date 2019.08.29

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