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A Method for Determination of Fractal Dimensions of Tree Crowns

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Abstract 写真画像から得られる樹冠縦断面形にフラクタル性があることが確認され,同一樹種内でも葉密度や着葉形態の違いで多様な樹冠縦断面形をフラクタル次元で定量化できることがわかっている.しかしながら,スケールによってフラクタル次元は変化するという報告もみられ,同一縮尺の写真を得ることが極めて困難な樹冠を対象にフラクタル解析をすすめていくには,写真縮尺によって変化することのない安定したフラクタル次元を得る必要が...ある.そこで本研究では,同一樹冠に対して縮尺が異なる5枚の写真を用いて,ボックスカウンティング法を適用し,写真縮尺による樹冠縦断面形のフラクタル次元の変化を調べた.3本のクロマツについて解析した結果,縮尺ごとに1枚の写真を用いて求めたフラクタル次元は約0.15の範囲でばらつくことがわかった.次に,5枚の写真データを同一スケール上で解析した結果,縮尺を変えても変化しないフラクタル次元が存在することが明らかとなった.さらに,ばらつきの少ない安定したフラクタル次元を求めるためには,縮尺の異なる3枚以上の写真が必要であり,かつ,その最大縮尺が最小縮尺の約3倍以上である写真が必要であることが明らかとなった.
We have showed that the vertical section form of tree crowns on photographs has fractal properties and the fractal dimension is a good quantifier of crown form varying widely with foliage distribution and density even within a species. In order to develop such fractal analyses on tree crowns, each crown needs to have a constant fractal dimension regardless scales of photographs because it is very difficult to take a photograph of crowns at a specified scale in the field. Five photographs at different scales were taken about each of three pine trees and these fractal dimensions were determined by the box counting method. The fractal dimensions obtained from each photograph varied randomly in the range of about 0.15. By analyzing data at five scales together on the same axis, however, we found that there was a constant fractal dimension even if scales changed. Relationships between the scatter in fractal dimensions and the number and scales of photographs used for determining the dimensions were examined. It was concluded that it is necessary to take more than three photographs at different scales whose maximum is at least three times as large as the minimum to obtain a stable fractal dimension efficiently.
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Created Date 2009.04.22
Modified Date 2021.03.03

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